Are you searching for authentic Jordan things to do that combine rich history, awe-inspiring ruins, and cultural immersion? Jordan is a treasure trove of historical sites and ancient ruins that tell stories spanning millennia. From Nabataean rock cities to Roman amphitheaters and Crusader castles, the country's archaeological wonders offer a unique glimpse into the past. Whether you’re planning your first trip or a return journey eager to explore deeper, here are the top 10 must-see historical sites and ruins in Jordan that should be on every traveler’s list.
1. Petra: The Rose-Red Capital of the Nabataeans
Iconic Architecture and History
Petra is undoubtedly one of the most captivating jordan tourist attractions to visit. Carved into vibrant sandstone cliffs, this ancient city served as the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom around 400 BC. Its impressive structures, including the famed Treasury (Al-Khazneh), Monastery (Ad-Deir), and countless rock-cut tombs, highlight advanced engineering and artistry. Wandering through the Siq—a narrow gorge entrance—sets the tone for an unforgettable visit.
Activities and Visitor Tips
Plan at least a full day to explore Petra’s vast archaeological site. Consider joining a guided tour to understand the site's rich history or attend the famous "Petra by Night" event for a magical candlelit experience. Don’t miss hiking up to the Monastery for breathtaking panoramic views.
2. Jerash: The Best-Preserved Roman City in the Middle East
Explore Roman Grandeur
Jerash stands as a testament to the grandeur of Roman urban architecture. Known as the “City of 1,000 Columns,” this vast archaeological site features colonnaded streets, majestic arches, theatres, plazas, and temples dating back over 2,000 years. The oval forum and Hadrian’s Arch are highlights that vividly illustrate the city’s historic importance within the Roman Empire.
Engaging History and Events
Aside from self-exploration, visitors can experience live reenactments and cultural performances during the Jerash Festival. The site’s well-preserved condition allows travelers to immerse themselves in ancient life and appreciate architectural excellence.
3. Amman Citadel: A Crossroads of Civilizations
Historical Layers in Jordan’s Capital
Perched on one of Amman’s oldest hills, the Citadel showcases remnants from the Neolithic period through Roman, Byzantine, and Umayyad eras. Key landmarks include the Temple of Hercules, Umayyad Palace, and Byzantine churches, offering a vivid cultural tapestry. The panoramic views over Amman’s modern skyline make it a compelling stop.
Museums and Exhibits
Adjacent to the ruins, the Jordan Archaeological Museum houses artifacts from across the country, including statues, pottery, and tools, enriching the visitor’s understanding of Jordan’s diverse history.
4. Madaba: The City of Mosaics
Byzantine Mosaic Masterpieces
Famous for its intricate Byzantine-era mosaics, Madaba is a must-visit stop on your list of things to do in Jordan. The highlight is the 6th-century mosaic map of the Holy Land in St. George’s Church, showcasing Jerusalem and surrounding regions with astonishing detail. Beyond that, the town’s rich collection of mosaics in various churches and archaeological sites paints a picture of the region’s religious and artistic heritage.
Exploring Madaba
Walking around Madaba’s charming streets, visitors can enjoy artisan shops and traditional Jordanian cuisine, making it a cultural and culinary delight as well.
5. Wadi Rum: The Valley of the Moon
Natural and Historical Wonders
Beyond its natural desert beauty, Wadi Rum holds historical significance with inscriptions and archaeological remains spanning thousands of years. This UNESCO World Heritage Site offers visitors a blend of adventure and history, famously associated with T.E. Lawrence—"Lawrence of Arabia"—who played a key role in the Arab Revolt during World War I.
Desert Adventures and Cultural Trips
Explore Wadi Rum on camel, jeep, or on foot, and experience Bedouin hospitality in traditional camps. Its spectacular sunsets and rock formations provide a dramatic backdrop for both adventurers and history enthusiasts.
6. Qasr Amra and the Desert Castles: Umayyad Splendor
Frescoes and Fortresses in the Desert
Jordan’s desert castles are fascinating relics of early Islamic architecture. Qasr Amra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is particularly famed for its vivid frescoes depicting hunting scenes, zodiac signs, and daily life in the 8th century. Nearby castles, such as Qasr Kharana and Qasr Al-Azraq, provide insights into desert fortress life and trade routes.
Visiting the Castles
These sites are conveniently accessible as day trips from Amman, making them peaceful escapes into Jordan’s Islamic heritage and desert history.
7. Mount Nebo: A Sacred Vantage Point
Religious Significance and Views
Mount Nebo holds great biblical significance as the site where Moses is said to have first glimpsed the Promised Land. Visitors can enjoy breathtaking vistas that span the Jordan River Valley, the Dead Sea, and even Jerusalem on clear days. The Memorial Church at the summit contains beautiful ancient mosaics and a modern serpent cross sculpture symbolizing miracles from scriptures.
Historic Pilgrimage Site
Mount Nebo continues to be a place of pilgrimage and reflection, linking visitors with centuries of spiritual history.
8. Umm Qais (Gadara): Stunning Greco-Roman Ruins with Panoramic Views
Exploring the Decapolis City
The ruins at Umm Qais, ancient Gadara, offer an enchanting experience with well-preserved theaters, colonnaded streets, and bathhouses. Overlooking the Sea of Galilee and the Golan Heights, its strategic and scenic location breathes life into the stories of regional trade and culture in the Roman era.
Quiet and Serene Exploration
Less crowded than Jerash, Umm Qais invites visitors to explore at a leisurely pace while admiring its dramatic setting and extensive ruins.
9. Al-Maghtas (Bethany Beyond the Jordan): Baptism Site of Jesus
A Spiritual and Historical Landmark
This UNESCO World Heritage Site marks the area where John the Baptist is believed to have baptized Jesus Christ. Archaeological remains include baptismal pools, churches, and religious structures spanning Roman and Byzantine periods. It is a deeply revered pilgrimage and cultural site attracting visitors interested in religious history.
Visiting the Site
Al-Maghtas offers educational tours and quiet spaces for contemplation, providing a meaningful addition to any traveler’s itinerary of jordan things to do.
10. Ajloun Castle: Crusader Fortress with Panoramic Views
Strategic Hold of the Crusades
Built in the 12th century by Muslim forces to defend against Crusader advances, Ajloun Castle stands atop a hill with commanding views of the Jordan Valley. It showcases remarkable medieval Islamic military architecture and offers insight into the region's tumultuous medieval history.
Hiking and Exploring
The castle grounds offer hiking trails and picnic areas, making it a great historical and outdoor destination for trips in Jordan.
Jordan things to do: A Summary of Must-See Historical Gems
From the iconic rose-red city of Petra to the sprawling Roman city of Jerash, vibrant mosaics of Madaba, and sacred sites like Mount Nebo and Al-Maghtas, Jordan offers an unparalleled journey through time. Whether you’re exploring ancient desert castles, majestic ruins, or spiritual pilgrimage sites, these top 10 historical sites are essential stops on any trips to the country. As you plan your visit, immerse yourself fully in the country’s rich cultural tapestry and be inspired by the incredible stories etched into Jordan’s landscape. Ready to discover jordan things to do beyond the well-trodden path? Start by exploring these extraordinary jordan tourist attractions and experience the depth of history that Jordan holds.